(Re)Constructing Religioscapes as Competing Territorial Claims in Post-War Bosnia & Herzegovina

This project analyzes the post-war development of religioscapes – the networks of religious sites of the major religious communities in Bosnia & Herzegovina in relation to those of the other communities – as physical manifestations of claims to dominance, but following patterns that can be traced for centuries into the past.

Much has been written about the widespread destruction of religious-cultural heritage in Bosnia & Hercegovina (B&H) during the 1992-95 war, but there has been little if any systematic research on what has been rebuilt, or built as new, since the war ended.  Drawing on concepts developed in non-BiH contexts in the earlier NSF-funded Antagnostic Tolerance project (AT), the principal investigators anticipated that (re)building religious heritage in B&H would be done strategically to demonstrate local dominance by one ethno-religious community over others, or to challenge such dominance. This has proven true not only at local levels but at wider regional scales, in a country almost completely divided into ethno-religious territories of varying sizes.  We analyze the post-war development of religioscapes – the networks of religious sites of each community in relation to those of the other communities – as the latest physical manifestations of claims to dominance, but following patterns that can be traced for centuries into the past.  We also include the transformations of religoscapes during and after state socialism. Secular socialist monuments in many cases displaced religious ones from 1945 until the 1980s, or have themselves been displaced by religious structures since 1996, thus making elements of socialist secularscapes intertwine with the developing religioscapes.

U suvremenom istraživačkom i akademskom kontekstu dostupna je velika količina publikacija koje opisuju i prikazuju uništavanje religijske kulturne baštine u Bosni i Hercegovini tijekom rata 1992.-1995. godine. Međutim, do danas nije provedeno sistematično istraživanje obnove, ponovne izgradnje ili potpuno nove izgradnje religijskih objekata nakon završetka rata. Na osnovu koncepata osmišljenih izvan BiH konteksta, u ranijem NSF projektu Antagonistička tolerancija (AT), voditelji projekta pretpostavili su (re)konstrukciju religijske baštine u BiH vođenu strateškim promišljanjem demonstriranja lokalne dominacije jedne etno-religijske zajednice, ili osporavanja dominacije drugih. Ova pretpostavka se pokazala točnom ne samo na lokalnim razinama nego i na regionalnim. Tijekom provođenja projekta analizirali smo post-ratni razvoj religijskih krajolika – mreža religijskih mjesta jedne zajednice u odnosima s religijskim mjestima druge zajednice – kao fizičke manifestacije dominacije. Iako smo primarno ovaj odnos promatrali u suvremenosti, jednaku smo važnost pridavali dijakronijskoj perspektivi i promatranju razvoja religijskih krajolika u prošlosti i kroz vrijeme. U razmatranje smo uključili i transformaciju religijskih krajolika tijekom i nakon socijalističkog perioda. Sekularni socijalistički spomenici u mnogim su primjerima izmjestili religijske objekte u razdoblju od 1945. do 1980-ih godina, ili su sami bili izmješteni s religijskim objektima nakon 1996. godine. Na ovaj način elementi socijalističkog krajolika isprepleteni su razvojem religijskih krajolika i ulaze u fokus naših istraživačkih interesa.

Derventa, Republika Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina

October 2018. From left: Serbian Orthodox church, Roman Catholic church, two mosques, all built after 1995 to replace buildings destroyed during the war, 1992-95.

Summary of Findings

Fieldwork and Methodologies

Research Team

Empirical Findings

Empirical Findings

Theoretical/ Conceptual

Theoretical/ Conceptual ...

Funding & Publications

Funding and Publications

Selected topics and locations

Robert M. Hayden, JD, PhD

Professor Emeritus of Anthropology & Law, University of Pittsburgh

rhayden@pitt.edu

dr. sc. Mario Katić, izv. prof.

Associate Professor of Anthropology & Ethnology, University of Zadar

etnologkatic@gmail.com

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